Physico-chemical properties of fluxes and their technological parameters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46299/j.isjea.20220105.09Keywords:
fluxes, EMS, electrometallurgy, slag bath, fluoriteAbstract
Experimental and literary data on the properties and functions of fluxes and slags used for conducting stable remelting processes in various electroslag technologies are summarized. A formula for calculating the heat released during electroslag remelting (ESP) is proposed. The density and melting points of various fluxes were studied. The problem of obtaining high-quality metal with specified physical and mechanical properties and service characteristics is one of the main tasks in modern world metallurgical production, on which progress in many branches of industry directly depends. There are a number of technological processes for obtaining high-quality metal - vacuum-induction remelting, vacuum-arc remelting, electron-beam remelting, which have their own advantages and disadvantages and certain technical limitations. They do not solve the problem in general. The consumption of fluxes (slags) based on CaF2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, MnO, SiO, NaF, etc. in metallurgical production is growing rapidly. This is due to the creation and introduction into production of new methods of smelting high-quality steels and alloys, which have special requirements for the physical and chemical properties of metallurgical fluxes. There are several general functions that slag performs in electroslag processes. This is primarily an energy-converting function. Slag is a section of an electrical circuit with high resistance, where electrical energy is converted into thermal energy. In addition, it performs a heat transfer function, which depends on the energy efficiency of the process. This efficiency is higher, the more fully and intensively the slag transfers the heat of the metal. Slag is an integral component of every process (EМS) of electroslag technologies, surfacing, casting, etc. The efficiency and productivity of processes depends on its properties, which are determined mainly by the chemical composition of the flux components used.
References
Saychuk, O.V., Rybalko, I.M., Zakharov, A.V. (2022). Elektroshlakove naplavlennia na postiinomu strumi v strumovomupidvidnomu krystalizatori elektrodom velykoho pererizu [Electroslag deposition on direct current in a current-driven crystallizer with a large cross-section electrode] International Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Directions and Movements in Science”: Conference proceedings, October 6-8. Luxembourg, Luxembourg. P. 229-237. (in Ukrainian).
Skoblo, T.S., Rybalko, I.M., Zakharov, A.V. (2021). Analiz elektroshlakovoho naplavlennia metalu z maloiu tovshchynoiu vidnovliuvalno-zmitsniuiuchoho robochoho sharu detali. [Analysis of electroslag deposition of metal with a small thickness of the restoring and strengthening working layer of the part] Information-analytical international technical journal “Industry in Focus”. Kharkiv, No. 10. P. 54-56. (in Ukrainian).
Stepanov, V.V. (1997). Plotnost rasplavlennykh flyusov dlya elektroshlakovogo pereplava i nagreva [Density of molten fluxes for electroslag remelting and heating]. Kyiv: Automatic welding. No. 2. (in Russian).
Lutyy, I.V. Elektroshlakovaya plavka i rafinirovaniye metallov [Electroslag smelting and refining of metals]. Kyiv: Nauk. Dumka. No. 7. V. 5. No. 2. S. 22– 24. (in Russian).
Podgaetskyi, V.V. (1997). Svarochnyye flyusy [Welding fluxes]. Kyiv: Technika. No. 4. No. 3. P. 52-60. (in Russian).
Kuskov, Yu.M., Ryabtsev, I.A., Kuzmenko, O.G., Lentyugov, I.P. (2020). Elektroshlakovi tekhnolohiyi naplavlennya ta pererobky metalu ta metalovmisnykh vidkhodiv [Electroslag technologies of welding and processing of metal and metal wastes]. Kyiv: Interservice. No.11. P. 22-23. (in Ukrainian).
Paton, B. E., Medovar, B. I. (ed.). (1976). Elektroshlakovyye pechi [Electroslag furnaces]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. No.4. (in Russian).
Paton, B. E. (ed.). (1980). Elektroshlakovaya svarka i naplavka [Electroslag welding and surfacing]. Moscow: Mechanical engineering. No.2. (in Russian).
Paton, B. E., Medovar, B. I. (1982). Elektroshlakovaya tekhnologiya za rubezhom [Electroslag technology abroad]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. No.1. (in Russian).
Chen, Ch. S., Gao, R. F. (1989). Issledovaniye elektroshlakovogo pereplava v sostavnoy kristallizatore s futerovannoy verkhney chast'yu [Study of electroslag remelting in a composite mold with a lined top]. Problems spec. Electrometallurgy. No.7. (in Russian).
Latash, Yu. V., Matyakh, V. N. (1987). Sovremennyye metody polucheniya slitkov osobo vysokogo kachestva [Modern methods for producing high quality ingots]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. No.6. (in Russian).
Mironov, Yu. M. (2002). Vliyaniye roda toka na protsessy v elektroshlakovykh ustanovkakh [Influence of current type on processes in electroslag installations]. Kyiv: Electrometallurgy. No.8. (in Russian).
Paton, B. E., Medovar, B. I. (1986). Metallurgiya elektroshlakovogo protsessa [Metallurgy of the electroslag process]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. No.8. (in Russian).
Dudko, D. A., Rublevsky, I. N. (1986). Vliyaniye roda i polyarnosti toka na metallurgicheskiye protsessy pri elektroshlakovoy svarke [Effect of current type and polarity on metallurgical processes in electroslag welding]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. No.9. (in Russian).
Ksendzyk, G.V. (1975). Tokovedushchiy kristallizator, obespechivayushchiy vrashcheniye shlakovoy vanny [Current-carrying mold providing rotation of the slag pool]. Kyiv: Specialist Electrometallurgy. No.2. (in Russian).
Paton, B.E. (1974). Tekhnologii elektrosvarki metallov i splavov plavleniyem [Technologies for electric welding of metals and alloys by fusion]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie. №.3. (in Russian).
Latash, Yu. V., Medovar, B.I. (1970). Elektroshlakovyy pereplav [Electroslag remelting]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. №. 5. (in Russian).
Paton, B. E. (1980). Elektroshlakovaya svarka i naplavka [Electroslag welding and surfacing]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. №.11. (in Russian).
Sushchuk-Slyusarenko, I.I., Lychko, I.I., Kozulin, M.G. (1989). Elektroshlakovaya svarka i naplavka v remontnykh rabotakh [Electroslag welding and surfacing in repair work]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. №.12. (in Russian).
Paton, B.E. (1974). Tekhnologiya elektrosvarki metallov i splavov plavleniyem [Technology of electric welding of metals and alloys by melting]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. №.14. (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Іван Рибалко, Олександр Сайчук, Андрій Захаров
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
