Typologization of complexes of religious buildings in the Ivano-Frankivsk region: architectural and planning analysis

Abstract

The article is devoted to a comprehensive architectural and planning analysis of religious buildings in the Ivano-Frankivsk region and the substantiation of their typological classification. The study considers sacred architecture as an integral part of the historical and cultural heritage of the area, formed under the influence of centuries-old religious traditions, ethno-confessional diversity, local construction practices, and spatial conditions. The author identifies key methodological approaches to classifying religious complexes: confessional, functional, morphological, historical, stylistic, urban planning, phenomenological, and semiotic, as part of the modern European scientific tradition. Based on the analysis of sources, conservation documentation, and field surveys, five main types of sacred buildings widespread in the region are identified: parish churches, monastery complexes, chapels, bell towers, and synagogues. The author describes the architectural organization, three-dimensional solution, functional content, and urban planning context for each type. The dependence of architectural solutions on geomorphological and planning conditions is traced, particularly the influence of relief, building density, and orientation to landscape dominants. The article proposes a multilevel typological scheme for classifying religious complexes in the Ivano-Frankivsk region, which covers five criteria: confessional affiliation, functional structure, space-planning characteristics, style evolution, and urban planning location. The expediency of its use as a basis for further research, restoration programs, revitalization of sacred objects, and forming a policy for protecting architectural heritage is substantiated. The emphasis is placed on the need to preserve typological diversity as a resource of cultural identity and the potential for sustainable development of territories.