Innovative approaches to the formation of the architectural environment in conditions of global climate change: in aspects of the analysis of practical experience

Abstract

Current problems of the architectural environment on the scale of the urban fabric in the context of global warming and climate changes caused by it are highlighted. Questions are raised about the inadequacy of many modern cities and settlements, including the regions of Ukraine, to new weather challenges. Therefore, based on the generally accepted four climate types, namely hot dry, hot humid, moderate and cold, the main risks of each of them are determined. Such risks are: drought, floods and inundation, excessive rainfall, waterlogging, snowdrifts, strong wind loads, etc. Also, the scientific work notes anthropogenic problems associated with the rapid economic development of countries in the 20th century, namely: the use of non-ecological materials, large areas of impervious paving, large emissions of carbon dioxide, automobile orientation of urban infrastructure, etc. After defining the main problems, the goal was set – to identify and classify architectural solutions for the formation of a new and reform of the existing architectural environment that adapts to these challenges. For this, an analysis of successful projects was carried out, which revealed a variety of solutions, the list of which includes means of all large-scale levels of the environment, starting from small architectural elements and ending with large regional programs. Also, much attention is paid to practical solutions, including culturally traditional and more modern technological approaches. For this, four cities with different climatic conditions were selected, namely Masdar, Wuhan, Copenhagen and Tallinn. These solutions generalize adaptive approaches to the formation of the architectural environment in the context of regional weather conditions. Such solutions were: the «basin» approach, the «Sponge city» concept, energy-efficient buildings, various types of landscaping, water-permeable paving, etc. This study is part of a comprehensive approach in shaping and reforming the existing architectural environment for different climatic conditions in the context of global climate change.