Strategic aspects of generating accounting information on accounts receivable under IFRS 9 «Financial instruments»

Abstract

The article explores the strategic aspects of generating accounting information on accounts receivable under the implementation of IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments." Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the role of accounting, which, in conditions of economic uncertainty, evolves from the retrospective recording of transactions to a predictive risk management tool. The author reveals the essence of the transition from the "reactive" incurred loss model, inherent in national standards, to the "predictive" expected credit loss (ECL) model. It is proved that such an approach allows transforming the accounting system into an effective strategic management tool capable of generating preventive data for managerial decision-making. Special emphasis is placed on the two-stage algorithm for classifying accounts receivable. Within the first stage, the influence of the subjective factor – the choice of a business model for asset management (Hold to Collect, Hold to Collect and Sell, Hold for Trading) – is analyzed. The second stage focuses on the importance of the SPPI test as an objective tool for verifying the characteristics of contractual cash flows. It is substantiated that only the synergy of these two criteria allows for the selection of an adequate measurement method – at amortized cost or fair value. The paper details the impact of the chosen measurement methods on key financial reporting indicators. The managerial consequences of applying the fair value concept, which ensures the relevance of data on the enterprise’s financial potential, and the amortized cost, which contributes to the stability and predictability of financial results, are highlighted. It is concluded that strategically oriented generation of accounting information under IFRS 9 ensures a balance between the reliability of reporting and the effectiveness of risk management, increasing the financial flexibility of business entities in conditions of economic uncertainty.