International experience in designing military-industrial facilities and its adaptation to Ukrainian realities

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the international experience of designing military-industrial facilities (MIFs) in the leading countries of the world – the United States, Israel, South Korea, Germany, Japan, France, and the United Kingdom – with a focus on the principles of modularity, decentralization, digitalization, functional flexibility, and integration into the spatial structure of the state. Particular attention is paid to the concepts of “smart factory”, “smart defense zones”, and adaptive reuse – adaptive reuse of defense infrastructure. It is emphasized that in the context of a full-scale war in Ukraine, it is critical to rethink the IDP's architectural model, considering the geopolitical situation, regional resources, risk level, and regulatory restrictions. The current state of the defense industry of Ukraine is analyzed, and key problems are identified: technological obsolescence, lack of funding, personnel crisis, and the absence of a single strategic development program. The author substantiates the expediency of developing a national architectural and urban planning concept for the creation and modernization of IDPs focused on mobility, energy efficiency, camouflage, logistics integration, and the ability to promote peaceful transformation. The article also discusses the prospects for attracting private investment, introducing digital technologies (BIM, automated security systems, energy management), integrating into international production networks, and creating specialized educational programs for training defense infrastructure architects. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of decentralized location of military-industrial complex facilities, which is necessary to reduce vulnerability to attacks and increase the flexibility of spatial planning. The European experience of reusing military facilities as a strategy for sustainable development and resource conservation is considered. Examples of the successful transformation of military facilities into technology parks and educational and cultural centers that can serve as a model for post-war reconstruction in Ukraine are given.