Methods and principles for creating initial material for maize breeding

Abstract

The classification of maize inbred lines is a critical aspect of breeding work as it allows for the efficient organization of the selection process, reducing costs and improving selection accuracy. Several approaches to classification exist, each with its own features and advantages. The first approach involves classification based on agronomic traits, which include performance indicators and line adaptability in field conditions, such as yield, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. The second approach involves classification based on genetic traits determined by genetic markers, which include the analysis of genetic diversity. The third approach includes classification based on morphological traits such as plant height, ear shape and size, the number of kernel rows per ear, and thousand kernel weight. The fourth approach is based on physiological traits reflecting the biochemical and physiological processes in plants, such as photosynthetic activity, water regime, and temperature adaptation. The research also highlights the importance of using biotechnological methods, such as androgenesis cultures and haplo-producers, to accelerate the creation of inbred lines. The evaluation of inbred lines is conducted through field trials and genetic markers, allowing the determination of their yield, disease resistance, and adaptability to different environmental conditions. The classification of maize inbred lines optimizes breeding programs and enhances the efficiency of creating hybrids with a high heterosis effect. Based on the research results, recommendations are proposed for using different classification methods to achieve maximum results in breeding work.