Influence of culture media composition on the growth and development of grape explants obtained in vitro

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal composition of substrates for growing grapes in vitro. During the experiment, the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine, indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid in the composition of nutrient media on the growth and development of grape explants was investigated. The results obtained indicate that phytohormones have a positive effect on the propagation of grape varieties in vitro. The use of 6-BAP in the composition of nutrient media in both variants of the study really accelerates the growth rate of the studied plants. The largest increase was recorded on Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium of Arcadia variety – 12.0 cm, White's medium is inferior in this indicator for all grape varieties. However, the optimal concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine, which has the greatest effect on grape plants in both cases, was 1 mg/l. When using White's modified nutrient medium, the best development of grape shoots was observed at a gibberellin concentration of 1 mg/l, the stem length was within 9.8-10.0 cm, and the number of internodes was 4.9-5.6 pieces. The study showed that the chosen concentration of indole-3-acetic acid (0.2-0.5 mg/l) is quite acceptable for the development of the root system of grape plants grown in vitro. However, as expected, the varieties grown on White's nutrient media lagged behind their competitors due to poor root system growth. The best results were demonstrated by the grape variety Podarok Magaracha, whose root length is 3.8 cm. The data obtained during the study on the composition of the medium for microclonal propagation of grapes in vitro show that Murashige-Skoog agarified nutrient media, in particular, their modifications containing 1.0 mg/l of 6-benzylaminopurine, 1.0 mg/l of gibberellic acid and 0.5 mg/l of indole-3-acetic acid, are optimal for microclonal regeneration of grapes.